Anyone can develop multiple sclerosis but, as mentioned earlier, it is more common among the female population. Additionally, people living in North America and Europe are more likely to develop this autoimmune disease than people who live in Asia, South America, or Africa.
Multiple sclerosis is a disease that usually hits a person between the ages of 20 and 50 years old. People who are diagnosed after 50 often experience a progressive form of the disease. The risk of developing MS increases if a person already suffers from another autoimmune disease or has an infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus. Guillain-Barre syndrome is more common among adults than children. People who are over the age of 50 are at the highest risk of getting the disease. Guillain-Barre syndrome and to know that the signs can vary depending on the stage of the disease.
Here are some of the early signs of MS :. Some other typical symptoms are listed below. Although no one knows for certain why people get multiple sclerosis, a number of theories are being tested, including genetic causes, environmental causes, immunologic causes, as well as viruses and bacteria.
While medical scientists know that the myelin is being attacked, they are still not sure why. We do know that a person with a first-degree relative with multiple sclerosis is at an increased risk of developing the autoimmune disease.
Researchers have also noted that environmental agents can trigger genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis and that people living furthest away from the equator have a higher rate of MS. Another important connection is infections. It turns out that infections, such as measles, herpes virus-6, and Epstein-Barr virus, have been linked with multiple sclerosis.
These infections have been known to cause myelin inflammation. The brain also gets odd messages that lead to tingling or pain sensations. Since many cases of GBS have followed a viral or bacterial infection, some experts wonder if it is possible that the virus has changed the nature of cells in the nervous system, making the immune system treat those cells as foreign. There is also a theory that the virus confuses the immune system, allowing the cell to attack the myelin.
Many people with Guillain-Barre syndrome report that they contracted the disease after becoming ill with either a virus or a respiratory infection.
This could suggest that their immune system did not respond properly to the previous virus. Below we look at possible triggers in multiple sclerosis vs. Guillain-Barre triggers mentioned above. Isolated blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction: prevalence and associated diseases. Vidaurre, O. Cerebrospinal fluid ceramides from patients with multiple sclerosis impair neuronal bioenergetics.
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Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Lipidomics Mass spectrometry Multiple sclerosis Neurological disorders. Introduction Multiple sclerosis MS is a chronic inflammatory disease, where demyelination specifically affects the central nervous system CNS 1.
Results Study population Of the neurological patients recruited from the Hungarian population in the city of Szeged, 77 proved eligible to participate in an exploratory retrospective CSF analysis. Table 1 Summary of demographic and clinical data. Data represent median interquartile range. Full size table. Figure 1. Full size image. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Discussion In the present study we report about a rapid and comprehensive lipid species analysis of the CSF lipidome, an insofar understudied area in CSF biomarker discovery.
Participants Utilizing the CSF depository of the Department of Neurology University of Szeged, Hungary , we performed retrospective analysis using neurological patients recruited between and from the Hungarian population. Sample collection and processing CSF and serum samples were obtained, processed, and analysed according to the international standardized biobanking consensus protocol of the BIOMS-Eu network Statistical analysis Demographic, clinical, and lipidomic data are presented as median and interquartile range.
References 1. CAS Google Scholar 2. PubMed Google Scholar 3. PubMed Google Scholar 4. PubMed Google Scholar 5. PubMed Google Scholar 6. PubMed Central Google Scholar 9. PubMed Google Scholar Google Scholar Article PubMed Google Scholar CAS Google Scholar MathSciNet Google Scholar Google Scholar Download references. Acknowledgements The authors thank Erika Zukic for her excellent technical assistance. View author publications. Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
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