Smaller vehicles require less skill to drive, and therefore recruitment and training of drivers is easier. Bus types In addition to the wide range of sizes, there are various types of vehicle that may be operated on conventional bus services. Basic choices are between single and double deck vehicles, and between rigid and articulated vehicles. Within these categories there are many alternative configurations, including body and chassis layout, and mechanical specifications.
Different standards of passenger accommodation may be provided, although not normally on the same vehicle. These standards range from very basic, perhaps with the majority of passengers required to stand, to very high, with features such as air conditioning, reclining seats, video, toilets and refreshments. Single deck buses Single deck buses range in length from about 5-to meters. In some countries even longer buses are permissible, up to a maximum of about 15 meters, although such lengths are impractical except where operation is exclusively on roads that are relatively wide and straight.
The shortest single-deckers, about 5-to-6 meters long and carrying between 10 and 20 passengers, are often referred to as minibuses , and sometimes as microbuses. They are usually designed for all passengers to be seated, although standing passengers are often carried in cramped conditions. Buses between about 7 and 8 meters long, carrying to seated passengers, sometimes with accommodation for additional standing passengers, are often referred to as midibuses.
Although in some countries these are also known as minibuses. Full-sized single-deck buses can carry between 60 and passengers including those standing. Double deck buses Double deck buses, normally about 9 and 12 meters in length, but up to 15 meters in some countries and seating between 60 and passengers, are operated on urban services in many countries.
Double-deck buses have a number of advantages. They are able to provide a high seating capacity within a limited space. They occupy less road, terminal and depot floor space per seated passenger.
In congested traffic conditions and where space is limited this can be a major advantage. However, the saving in space per passenger can be comparatively small depending on the proportion of standing to seated passengers that is acceptable.
Where all passengers require seats, as in the case of heavily used premium-quality urban services, the double-decker offers a greater advantage than where a high proportion of standing passengers is acceptable. Double-deckers have a number of disadvantages compared with single-deckers, including: Increased loading and unloading times.
Additional costs from the more complex construction. A staircase is required. Greater headroom in depots is required. Low bridges and other overhead obstructions, such as utility cables, often restrict the routes where they can be used. Articulated buses Articulated including bi-articulated single deck buses, carrying up to passengers and sometimes even more, are efficient movers of large numbers of passengers.
They are more maneuverable than rigid buses of the same length. They can be much longer than rigid buses — up to 25 meters is possible, although the normal maximum length is approximately 18 to 20 meters.
Articulated buses can be very effective where labor is scarce or expensive, passenger volumes are high, roads are relatively wide and straight, and space is not severely restricted. With well-designed bus stop facilities and appropriate fare collection systems, they can load and unload very quickly despite their size. However, they require greater skill to drive, particularly when reversing. The number of routes that they may be used is often also limited. Specially designed depot facilities may also be required.
Where congestion is severe and roads are narrow they may be impractical. Articulated buses must have good access to bus stops, with all doors accessible from the curb without obstruction from parked cars or street furniture. All Rights Reserved. Site Version 1. In broad terms, the appropriate vehicle size is influenced by: The volume of traffic the number of people traveling between the same two points at the same time.
The characteristics of the road system. The type of services that passengers are prepared to pay for. Site Map. Contact Us. Wikipedia - Transit Bus. Articulated buses are extended buses linking together two or more sections with pivoting joints to meet higher passenger capacities while still allowing the bus to maneuver appropriately.
Designed for maximum efficiency and typically incorporated into mass rapid bus transit systems, articulated buses are designed with single-deck or double-decker bodies for even higher capacity needs. Drawings include: Articulated Bus side elevation driver , side passenger , front, back, plan. Wikipedia - Articulated Bus. Minibuses, or shuttle buses, are vehicles with passenger capacities below the larger full-size bus and more than the smaller minivan.
Designed to service a variety of flexible transport needs, minibuses often augment public transportation networks by helping as a smaller scale on-demand vehicle typically used for small chartered groups, taxi shares, airport services, and small corporate groups. Drawings include: Minibus Shuttle Bus side elevation driver , side passenger , front, back, plan. Coach buses are buses designed specifically for longer-distances with greater accommodations for passenger comfort during these extended periods of travel.
Often chartered privately, coach buses are commonly designed with customizable features that can include comfortable reclining seats, tables, luggage racks, localized air conditioning, toilets, entertainment, refreshment, curtains, wi-fi, and various other amenities.
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