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Roundup of gardening news for Nov. Home Columns The evolution of the sawmill industry. Lumberjacks float lumber down the Columbia River in Oregon, ca. Percy Wyndham, who has a perfectly pointed beard and mustache, shown here in a portrait during the Civil War.
An Englishman, he was only 15 when joined the Student Corps in Paris and got his first taste of action during the French Revolution. After transferring to the French navy, he returned to his […]. In , Los Angeles Times owner and real estate investor Harry Chandler was looking for a way to advertise a new housing development in the Hollywood Hills above Los Angeles. After each cut the log was moved laterally, the distance corresponding to the thickness of the lumber being cut.
Old-time sawyers will remember when logs had to be moved with a bar after each cut. Saw-mills, as they are now constructed are of two kinds, according as the saws employed effect their operation by a circular or by a reciprocating motion. Circular saw-mills are the most simple in their construction. Mr George Smart, at his manufactory for hollow masts, on the Surrey side of the Westminster Bridge, had several of these.
In one of the simplest, a wheel is turned by a horse, which gives motion to a pionion on a horizontal shaft; a spur-wheel is fixed on the shaft, and turns a pinion on another horizontal shaft, on which a wheel is fixed in the room above the machine, and the bearings for the gudgeons of the shaft are supported by the joists on the floor: by means of an endless strap passing around the wheel, and round a pulley on the spindle of the circular saw, a rapid motion is given to the saw: it is fixed on its spindle by a shoulder, against which it is held by another moveable shoulder pressed tight by a nut, on the end of the spindles which is tapped into a screw to receive it.
The saw has a circular hole through the middle, fitting tight upon the spindle, so as to cause them to turn together. The ends of the spindle are pointed, and that point nearest the saw works in a hole made in the end of a screw, screwed in a bench of stout planks, and well braced together; the other turns in a similar screw passed through a cross beam mortised between two vertical beams extending from the floor to the ceiling: one of the beams can be raised or lowered in its mortises by wedged put above both above and below its tenons.
In order to adjust the plane of the saw to the plane of the bench, there is a long parallel ruler, which can be set at any distance from the saw, and fixed by means of grooves going through circular grooves cut through the bench.
In using the machine, the ruler is to be set the proper distance from the saw of the piece of wood to be cut, and as the saw turns round, a workman slides the end of a piece of wood to it, keeping its edge against the guide or ruler, that it may cut straight. We have witnessed the operation, which is as neat as it is expeditious and ingenious.
At this time saw sharpening was a secret process. The sharpener worked in an isolated room and sawyers were required to ring a bell before being permitted to speak to him.
When a saw requires sharpening, one of the screws at the end of the spindle must be turned back: the spindle and saw can then be removed, and may be fixed in a common vice to whet it, in the same manner as a common saw; the outsides of the teeth are not filed to leave a surface perpendicular to the plane of the saw, but inclined to it, and in the same direction that each tooth so filed is bent in the setting: by this means, the saw, when cutting, first takes away the wood at the two sides of the kerf, leaving a ridge in the middle of it, that it may not have a tendency to get out of the straight line in any place where the wood is harder at one side than on the other.
William Newberry of London, England, patented the first endless band-saw in , although his machine was never developed further than the model submitted to the Patent Office. Although Newberry was the first of modern times to see the possibilities of the band-saw, he cannot justly be said to have originated it. The first circular saw in the US is supposed to have been produced by Benjamin Cummins, about , at Bentonsville, N.
The fate so often accorded great men was his, for he now lies in a lonely, secluded spot in the northwest corner of the cemetery of the little village of Richmond, Kalamazoo County, Michigan. Water and, later, steam was the motive power of these saws. The output of these was from to feet of lumber per day, depending upon the kind and quality of logs. The general use of circular saws for manufacturing lumber is supposed to have originated in a patent granted March 16, , to Robert Eastman and J.
Jaquith of Brunswick. Since then countless other circular saw-mill patents have been granted. The early circular saws were very crude, with square mandrel holes, and were made only to special order. From , however, progress was rapid the development of the inserted tooth at about this time being one of the greatest progressive strides ever taken in saw-making.
Ferine, of Paris, is due the credit for the improvements which made the general use of the band-saw possible. The old difficulty in joining the blade so that it would run over the wheels without breaking was not overcome until nearly forty years after Newberry gave this type of saw to the world.
Then, about , Ms. This patent was later obtained by Ferine, and the saw greatly improved by him a suitable joint was perfected and the band-saw became a practical reality. No really satisfactory method of holding the teeth in place was devised until , when a man named Spaulding, while experimenting in Sacramento, CA, discovered that curved sockets would hold the teeth firmly and securely.
This method protects the plate also by reducing the tendency to crack. These old band-saws, although giving increased output over the up-and-down gang saws and circular saws of the day, were quite small, crude and limited in their work. The following typical incident shows the skepticism with which they were received:.
After a very short while in service it was removed because it did not do the work expected probably because of unskillful management. For many years afterward it surmounted the McCormick garden fence as a pointed reminder to unruly boys to keep out of the melon patch.
One feature of the band-saw which rapidly popularized it with the mill-men was its thinness, which meant smaller kerf and more boards from a log than with any other type of saw. The fear at first felt by the operators of this type of saw soon passed, and as its use extended, improvements came rapidly. The large proportions and perfection of form of the present-day band-saws are strikingly shown in comparison with those.
This up-to-date, speedy band-saw has increased the productivity of mills to a point never dreamed of by the mill-man. Through the medium of Disston band-saws the heavy demands on a modern lumber mill are easily met, and so the old-time quest for a more efficient type of saw has ended. A comparison of the saws of ancient times and the saws of to-day is startling to the average man who has not paid close attention to the saw in its present state of perfection. From the primitive stone implements illustrated in the early part of this article to the multitudinous variety of saws employed today, many of which we purpose illustrating and describing, is a tremendous advance.
It shows clearly the extraordinary progress made by man in the comparatively short time he has inhabited the earth as compared with its reputed ,, years of existence. One may also ask, what is the first cut off a log called? The first log cut above the stump is called a butt log or butt cut. Butt off refers to cutting a piece of a log due to a defect. Most of a tree's value is in the butt log. First Sawmill in the U. The sawmill was actually introduced before the town settled a year later.
It was mainly built to export lumber to England since the colonies had an abundance of forest. The use of a large circular saw in a saw mill is said to have been invented in by Tabitha Babbitt, a Shaker inventor , after she noted the inefficiency of the traditional saw pits used by the sawyers in her community and sought an improvement.
This claim is now mostly discredited. Corneliszoon patented the sawmill on December 15, and the pitman on December 6, He built the first sawmill there in Before to the invention of the sawmill , boards were sawn by two men with a whipsaw, using saddleblocks to hold the log, and a pit for the pitman who worked below.
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