Collective focus of the study of money, currency and trade, and the efficient use of resources. The system of production and distribution and consumption. The overall measure of a currency system; as the national economy. The extent to which a resource, such as electricity, is used for the intended purpose; the ratio of useful work to energy expended. The extent to which time is well used for the intended task.
Improved efficiency was a principle goal of progressives, one they thought attainable by the application of scientific and rational thought to social problems. Something that motivates, rouses, or encourages. It is used to motivate individuals often, employees for better performance by providing financial or other types of rewards.
An anticipated reward or aversive event available in the environment. Something that motivates an individual to perform an action. Productivity is a measure of the efficiency of production and is defined as total output per one unit of a total input.
The rate at which goods or services are produced by a standard population of workers. A ratio of production output to what is required to produce it inputs. The state of being productive, fertile, or efficient.
The rate at which products and services are produced relative to a particular workforce. Something that one uses to achieve an objective; for example, a resource could be a raw material or an employee. That which is produced, then traded, bought or sold, then finally consumed and consists of an action or work. A whole composed of relationships among the members. The part of the universe being studied, arbitrarily defined to any size desired. Skip to main content.
The progressive liberal believes that if we encourage business owners to be better people, this exploitation will not occur. But the communist believes that the exploitation is inevitable. You might think the individual will is more powerful than the mode of production that contains it.
To this, a communist, particularly one in a bad mood, might counter you with a picture of a Congolese child mining for the rare elements used inside our smartphones. No amount of assertiveness training is going to help that kid succeed. Our mode of production plays a very significant role in the development of that child: Capitalism needs that cheap labor to function. For a communist, the true face of capitalism is this young miner.
A big secret is that Marx was actually quite impressed by capitalism, our current mode of production in this stage of history.
As much as he urged the workers of the world to seize their machinery and claim the products and tools of their labor as collective property—he praised capitalism. He saw the abundance it could create and he predicted a time when machines would do much of the boring work and innovation would solve many human problems.
The communist believes that capitalism produces regular crises, and that over time, there is tendency of the rate of profit to fall. Because, goodness knows, we certainly get some poor solutions to times of capitalist crisis. Consider this your trigger warning for disappointment: There is no blueprint for communism. But we can talk a little about how we might get there. No transition in the mode of production has ever been smooth, nor has it been particularly quick.
It had its own vanguard: Intellectuals like John Locke, Adam Smith, and David Ricardo provided instructions for the leaders of the modern state and its partner economy.
Yet, theirs are the thoughts on which the poorly functioning neoliberal policy of the present still rests. Theirs are the thoughts on which many lives are ended early or lived in blank servitude.
This is not to say that the seizing of power by socialists eager for the communist stage of history is going to be a picnic.
Things started well at the Winter Palace in St. Thus, his goal was to encourage a system that promoted a classless society in which everyone shared the benefits of labor and the state government controlled all property and wealth.
No one would strive to rise above others, and people would no longer be motivated by greed. Then, communism would close the gap between rich and poor, end the exploitation of workers, and free the poor from oppression. The basic ideas of communism did not originate with Marx, however.
Plato and Aristotle discussed them in ancient times, but Marx developed them into a popular doctrine , which was later propelled into practice. The problems, he claimed, stemmed from the Industrial Revolution. The rise of factories, the reliance on machines, and the capability of mass production created conditions that promoted oppression and encouraged the development of a proletariat, or a working class.
Simply put, in a capitalist system, the factories fueled the economy, and a wealthy few owned the factories. This created the need for a large number of people to work for the factory owners. In this environment, the wealthy few exploited the laborers, who had to labor in order to live. So, Marx outlined his plan to liberate the proletariat, or to free them of the burden of labor. His idea of utopia was a land where people labored as they were able, and everyone shared the wealth.
If the government controlled the economy and the people relinquished their property to the state, no single group of people could rise above another. Marx described this ideal in his Manifesto, but the practice of communism fell far short of the ideal. For a large part of the 20th century, about one-third of the world lived in communist countries—countries ruled by dictatorial leaders who controlled the lives of everyone else.
The communist leaders set the wages, they set the prices, and they distributed the wealth. Most importantly, communists are expected to surrender their own personal interests when they are in conflict with those of the Communist Party. Most importantly, this means that individuals can not refuse a work assignment due to personal reasons.
Historically, Communism has been found to not foster good work ethics. A reason for failure in work ethics and motivation is the necessity that all communists must be employed.
Overmanning positions trivializes the work needed to be performed and placed the concentration on quantity rather than quality. Many communist societies force upon jobs out of theoretical necessity without providing a way of sustaining interest or providing training. Therefore, Communism in practice appears to counteract the goal of making society better through communal collaboration.
Corruption and laziness also affected the computer industry in communist societies. Instead of using computers to produce more efficient and ethical businesses, workers often used software to cause delays or discrepancies to gain personal profit. For example, an accounting computer program was implemented to help import journals and books. The software was lauded for its apparent efficiency and easy of use.
This helped capitalize on the high inflation rate within the communist society and charge higher prices domestically while paying for cheap inventory Kalpic 1. Hence, software was used to cheat the society in general because there was incentive to make more money. There have been multiple cases of unethical business practices in the same vein.
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